diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index c9995f0..7ae0494 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ GITEA_APP_ORG=platform
 GITEA_ADMIN_TOKEN=
 GITEA_RELEASE_PUSH_WHITELIST=
 GITEA_RELEASE_MERGE_WHITELIST=
+GITEA_RELEASE_PUSH_WHITELIST_TEAMS=
+GITEA_RELEASE_MERGE_WHITELIST_TEAMS=
 BUILD_REGISTRY=localhost:5000
 BUILD_ARTIFACT_INSTALL_COMMAND=npm ci
 LAUNCHER_BUILD_COMMAND="npm ci && npm run build:linux"
diff --git a/src/apps/apps.service.ts b/src/apps/apps.service.ts
index 5912e1a..2947fdf 100644
--- a/src/apps/apps.service.ts
+++ b/src/apps/apps.service.ts
@@ -640,6 +640,11 @@ export class AppsService {
 
     if (byRepository.size === 0) return;
 
+    const gitBin = this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git');
+    const isUnrelatedHistoryError = (message: string) => {
+      const normalized = message.toLowerCase();
+      return normalized.includes('refusing to merge unrelated histories') || normalized.includes('not possible to fast-forward');
+    };
     const workRoot = path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'studio-admin-release-promotions');
     await fs.mkdir(workRoot, { recursive: true });
 
@@ -647,38 +652,59 @@ export class AppsService {
       const workDir = path.join(workRoot, `${sanitizeImageName(repository)}-${Date.now()}`);
       try {
         await fs.rm(workDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
-        await execFileAsync(this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git'), [
+        await execFileAsync(gitBin, [
           'clone',
           '--no-checkout',
           await this.getAuthenticatedHttpCloneUrl(repository),
           workDir,
         ]);
-        await execFileAsync(this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git'), [
+        await execFileAsync(gitBin, [
           'fetch',
           'origin',
           sourceBranch,
         ], { cwd: workDir });
-        await execFileAsync(this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git'), [
+        await execFileAsync(gitBin, [
           'fetch',
           'origin',
           targetBranch,
         ], { cwd: workDir }).catch(() => undefined);
 
-        const targetExists = await gitRefExists(workDir, `refs/remotes/origin/${targetBranch}`, this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git'));
+        const pushArgs: string[] = ['push', 'origin', `HEAD:refs/heads/${targetBranch}`];
+
+        const targetExists = await gitRefExists(workDir, `refs/remotes/origin/${targetBranch}`, gitBin);
         if (targetExists) {
-          await execFileAsync(this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git'), [
+          await execFileAsync(gitBin, [
             'checkout',
             '-B',
             targetBranch,
             `origin/${targetBranch}`,
           ], { cwd: workDir });
-          await execFileAsync(this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git'), [
-            'merge',
-            '--ff-only',
-            commitSha,
-          ], { cwd: workDir });
+          let forcePush = false;
+          try {
+            await execFileAsync(gitBin, [
+              'merge',
+              '--ff-only',
+              commitSha,
+            ], { cwd: workDir });
+          } catch (error) {
+            const message = String(error instanceof Error ? error.message : error);
+            if (!isUnrelatedHistoryError(message)) {
+              throw error;
+            }
+            forcePush = true;
+            await execFileAsync(gitBin, [
+              'checkout',
+              '-B',
+              targetBranch,
+              commitSha,
+            ], { cwd: workDir });
+          }
+
+          if (forcePush) {
+            pushArgs.splice(0, pushArgs.length, 'push', '--force-with-lease', 'origin', `HEAD:refs/heads/${targetBranch}`);
+          }
         } else {
-          await execFileAsync(this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git'), [
+          await execFileAsync(gitBin, [
             'checkout',
             '-B',
             targetBranch,
@@ -686,11 +712,7 @@ export class AppsService {
           ], { cwd: workDir });
         }
 
-        await execFileAsync(this.configService.get<string>('GIT_BIN', 'git'), [
-          'push',
-          'origin',
-          `HEAD:refs/heads/${targetBranch}`,
-        ], { cwd: workDir });
+        await execFileAsync(gitBin, pushArgs, { cwd: workDir });
       } catch (error) {
         const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown git promotion failure';
         throw new BadRequestException(`${repository} release 브랜치 승격 실패: ${message}`);
diff --git a/src/gitea/gitea.service.ts b/src/gitea/gitea.service.ts
index d537a38..7367df8 100644
--- a/src/gitea/gitea.service.ts
+++ b/src/gitea/gitea.service.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ export class GiteaService {
   private readonly token?: string;
   private readonly releaseBranchPushUsers: string[];
   private readonly releaseBranchMergeUsers: string[];
+  private readonly releaseBranchPushTeams: string[];
+  private readonly releaseBranchMergeTeams: string[];
 
   constructor(configService: ConfigService) {
     this.baseUrl = configService
@@ -49,6 +51,12 @@ export class GiteaService {
     this.releaseBranchMergeUsers = parseWhiteList(
       configService.get<string>('GITEA_RELEASE_MERGE_WHITELIST'),
     );
+    this.releaseBranchPushTeams = parseWhiteList(
+      configService.get<string>('GITEA_RELEASE_PUSH_WHITELIST_TEAMS'),
+    );
+    this.releaseBranchMergeTeams = parseWhiteList(
+      configService.get<string>('GITEA_RELEASE_MERGE_WHITELIST_TEAMS'),
+    );
   }
 
   async getVersion() {
@@ -258,23 +266,22 @@ export class GiteaService {
   }
 
   private async protectReleaseBranch(owner: string, repo: string) {
-    const me = await this.getAuthenticatedUser();
-    const pushUsernames = uniqueUsers([
-      ...this.releaseBranchPushUsers,
-      ...(me?.login ? [me.login] : []),
-    ]);
-    const mergeUsernames = uniqueUsers([
-      ...this.releaseBranchMergeUsers,
-      ...(me?.login ? [me.login] : []),
-    ]);
+    const pushUsernames = uniqueUsers(this.releaseBranchPushUsers);
+    const mergeUsernames = uniqueUsers(this.releaseBranchMergeUsers);
+    const pushTeams = uniqueUsers(this.releaseBranchPushTeams);
+    const mergeTeams = uniqueUsers(this.releaseBranchMergeTeams);
+    const hasPushWhitelist = pushUsernames.length > 0 || pushTeams.length > 0;
+    const hasMergeWhitelist = mergeUsernames.length > 0 || mergeTeams.length > 0;
 
     const body = {
       branch_name: 'release',
       enable_push: true,
-      enable_push_whitelist: true,
+      enable_push_whitelist: hasPushWhitelist,
       push_whitelist_usernames: pushUsernames,
-      enable_merge_whitelist: true,
-      merge_whitelist_usernames: mergeUsernames,
+      push_whitelist_teams: pushTeams,
+      enable_merge_whitelist: hasMergeWhitelist,
+      merge_whitelist_usernames: hasMergeWhitelist ? mergeUsernames : [],
+      merge_whitelist_teams: hasMergeWhitelist ? mergeTeams : [],
       enable_force_push: false,
     };
 
@@ -285,14 +292,6 @@ export class GiteaService {
     });
   }
 
-  private async getAuthenticatedUser() {
-    try {
-      return await this.request<{ login: string }>('/api/v1/user');
-    } catch {
-      return null;
-    }
-  }
-
   private async request<T>(
     path: string,
     init?: RequestInit & { allowedStatuses?: number[] },